Indian Standard IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 (Reaffirmed 2004) COMMENTARY ON INDIAN STANDARD SCHEDULES FOR WROUGHT STEELS PART 2 CARBON STEELS ( UNALLOYED CCOMPLEMENTARY TO IS : 1570 ( PART ( STEELS) 2)-19791 First Revision ) First Reprint APRIL 1992 UDC 669.14CO83.4) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH 2XFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 3 February 1988 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 Indian Standard INDIAN COMMENTARY ON STANDARD SCHEDULES WROUGHT STEELS FOR STEELS) 2 )-1979 ] PART 2 CARBON STEELS ( UNALLOYED [COMPLEMENTARY TO IS : 1570 ( PART ( First Revision Alloy Steels and Special Steels Sectional ) Commil.tee, Repmscnting SMIX 19 Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi ADDITIONAL DIHECTOR ( MET ) JOINT DIRECTOH ( CHEMICAL SHR~ BALIIRISHAN Aobairwn~ Ministry ) ( of Railways Industries of India, Alternate) Federation of Engineering New Delhi SERI H. S. GUPTA ( Alternate) SHRI S. K. Basu SHRI C. J. DAVE ( Alternate) SERI J. N. BHATTAOIIARYYA SHRI S. C. BHAWAL ( Altcrnatr ) SHBI A. K. &.4XRABORTY SHRI S. N. SA~VA~ (Alternate) SHRI D. K. DAS SHILI B. P. SINOH (ALemate) DEPUTY DIRECTOR INSPECTION SERI D. K. PAUL (Alternate) SHRI A. D. DIAS SHRI D. GADE SHRI ASIM CA~TTER~WE GENERAL MANAQER DR M. NAQESHWAR RAO'( M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta National Test House, Calcutta Guest Keen Williams Lrd, Howrah Ltd. Ranchi & Disposals Heavy Engineering Corporation Directorate General of Supplies ( inspection Wing ), New Delhi Indian Tool Manufacturera Ltd, Bombay Ahmedahad Advance Mills Ltd (Special . Steel Division ), Navrari ( Alternate ) Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd, Hyderabad Alloy Alternate) ( Continuedon pagr 2 ) (8 Gygri~ht OF INDIAN 1988 STANDARDS BUREAU This publication is protected under the Indian Cbpyrig/n Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any meam except with written permirsion of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 ( ConHnued_from page1 ) Mcmbrrs SHRI J. L. GOYAL Represeating Modern Steel Ltd, Mandi Gobind Garh Alloys Steels Plant ( SAIL ) , Durgspur IndianRegister of Shipping, Bombay S~BI R. C. JHA Sxstx S. KV~AR SEE1 VIPON CEOPRA ( LikrnUlc) Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) Da D. P. LAEIRI SEW I. N. BEATIA (Alternate ) Directorate General of Technical Development, SHBI LAXMAN MISERA New Delhi SERI S. S. KROSLA ( Alternat* ) Tata _ron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur DR T. MVREERJEE Snnx A. N. MITRA ( Altrmatr ) Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, DR S. K. MOPFDAL Jamshedpur DR P. G., REN~VIKER ( Altrrrratr ) Steel Furnace Association of India, Calcutta SHBI D. B. MORORIL DR K. SVBRAXANYAX (Al&trots) Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI P. NARAIN SERI C. R. SHARMA ( dlfcrnatr ) Firth ( India ) Steel Co Ltd, Thane SHBI I. K. NAYAR SERI K. A. SHEROY ( Alternate ) Alloy Steel Producers Association of India, DR_R. V. PATEY Bombay Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati SHRI G. R. PRAKASE SHRI B. HARIDAS ACHAR ( Alternate) Mini;;;st;Lteel St Mines ( Iron & Steel Control ), SHRI M. K. PRAMANIIC SHRI S. S. SAHA ( Alternate ) SEBI RA~HUBIB SSN~n National Metallurgical Laboratory Jamshedpur Addison & Co Ltd, Madras ( CSIR ), SHRI S. RAJAQOPALAN SHBI V. SRINIVASAN ( dltrrnntc ) Research & Development Ccntre for DRV. RAXASWAMY Steel ( SAIL ), Ranchi SERI S. R. MEDIRATTA ( Altcmatr ) HMT Ltd SHRI H. S. RAMCRAND~A SKI P. RAYA PRAEAD ( Altamatr I ) SHBI A. SHIIPT~~AY ( Altrrnatr 11) Sasr V. N. VENKATEWN ( Altrrnatc III ) Modi Steels, Modi Nagar REPRESENTATIVE Ministry of Defence ( DC1 ) Sxnr M. K. SIN SHBI K. L. CHAKRABORTY ( Altwnatr ) Z4rtn1B.K. SEARMAE Ministry of Defence ( OFB ) SHRI A. K. BANGA ( Alternate ) SHBI K. RAQHAVENDBAN, Director General, RIS ( I%-o&h Memhr ) Director ( Strut & Met ) Sscrerary Sam S. K. PANJA Assistant Director (-Metals ), BIS Iron & ( Ontinurd on pogr 12 ) 2 IS : 1871 ( Part 2) - 1987 Indian Standard COMMENTARY ON INDIAN STANDARD SCHEDULES WROUGHT STEELS PART 2 CARBON STEELS (UNALLOYED [COMPLEMENTARY TO IS : 1578(PART FOR STEELS) 2)-1979-J ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Slandnrd ( Part 2 ) (F&t Revision) was adopted by the Bureau~of Indian Standards on 25 May 1987, after the draft finalized by the Alloy Steels and Special Steels. Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structul'al ;snd Metals Division Council. 0.2 Commenta1.y on Indian Standard engineering purposes was first published IS : 1570-1961'. a.3 With necessary 0.4 The the revision of IS : 1570 to revise IS : 1871-1965t. following major modifications into wrought steels for general in 1965 as complementary to different parts, it was felt have been made in this revision. a) Steel designations has been modified in accordance with IS : 1762 (Part 1 )-1974:. However, for the sake of easy identification, old designations are also given within brackets. b) The various grades deleted or added in the IS : 1570 ( Part 2 )-19785 have been taken care of. 0.5 This part covers carbon steels and related mechanical properties. with specified chcmic;tl revision of cnmpnsitiorl *Commentary on Indian Standard khcdules for wrought steels for engineering purposes. tSchedules for wrought steels for general engineering purposes. $Code for designation of steels: Part 1 Based on letter symbols (firsf revision). §Schedulcs for wrought steels: Part 2 Carbon steels ( unalloyed steels ). general 3 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 0.6 Ot~her parts in this series are as follows: a) Steels specified by tensile and/or yield properties, h) Carbon and carbon-manganese free cutting steels, steels for hardening and carbon c) Alloy steels including tempering and case hardening, d) High alloy steels and stain!ess and heat resisting steels including valve steels, e) Carbon and alloy tool steels, and f) Creep resisting steels. 1. SCOPE 1.1. This commentary ( Part 2 ) covers carbon steels with specified chemical composition and related mechanical properties. 1.1.1 The chemical composition of these steels is given in Table 1. 1.1.2 Typical Appendix A. uses of the steels covered is this part are given in 2.0 For certain purposes, steels are produced to specific compositions. For carbon steels, ranges for carbon and manganese are laid down. Where necessary, for steels of low carbon content, the silicon content or the type of steel (killed, semi-killed or rimmed ) is specified. The limits of sulphur and phosphorus are stipulated depending on service requirements. 2.1 Steels in Hot Worked and Normalized Condition - Steels, having up to 0'60 percent carbon, are generally used in hot worked content or nomalized condition and steels with carbon more than 0'60 percent are used in normalized and tempered or annealed condition for better machinability and improved mechanical properties. The. tensile properties of these steels in the hot worked or normalized condition are given in Table 2 of JS : 1570 ( Part 2 )-1979. 2.1.1 Hot working involves rolling, forging or extrusion of steel at elevated temperatures; the temperatures employed vary with the The plastic deformation takes place at composition of steel. temperatures and at rates thit do not cause strain hardening. 4 IS : 1871( Part 2 ) - 1987 TABLE 1 SPECIFIED CARBON AND MANGANESE STANDARD STEELS (Clausr 1.1.1 ) LIMITS FOR ~------h------~ New STEEL DESIGNATION [Sea IS : 1762 (PART 1 )-I9741 c Percent MU Percent Old 0.10 0.12 Max 915 Max O-10-0-18 15c4 15C8 2oC8 25C4 25C8 3OC8 ;zz 4OC8 45C8 5Oc4 5OC8 5oc12 55C4 55C8 6OC4 6OC6 6506 7OC6 75C6 8OC6 85C6 98C6 113C6 0.20 Max 0'10-0'20 0.15-0'25 O-20-O-30 0'20-0'30 0'25-0'35 @30-0'40 0'30-0'40 0.35045 040-0~50 0.45.0'55 0*45-O-55 O-45-0.55 0'50-0'60 0'50-0.60 0'55-0'65 0'55-0'65 mo-0~70 cp;-;; 0'40 Max 0'40 Max @50 Max 0'50 Ma* O-30-0'60 040-0'70 0'30-0'60 0-60-0'90 ~60-0'90 0'30-0'60 0'60-090 0%0-090 - WO) (~25) (C25Mn75) (C30) (C!?%h75) (C4Q (C45) w30-0.60 O-60-0.90 0'60.0'90 0.60~0'90 0'30-0'60 0*60-090 I'lO-1.40 0'30-0'60 0'60-090 0~30-0'60 0-50-0'80 0'50-0'80 0'50-0'~0 0'50-0'80 0'50~&80 pc$Y;;~ (-1 (CE5il) (C55Mn75) - (C65) (C70) (C75) * _ Pw W5) (C98) (C113) 0.75-0.85 "d8$?u& . 1*05:1'20 - _ @50-0.80 5 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 2.1.2 -Normalizing consists of heating steel above its critical temperature and subsequent cooling in air. Normalizing refines and in makes the grains more unifrom with subsequent improvement mechanical properties. It is especially beneficial for bars rolled at low temperatures and in case of rolled or forged products of bigger section sizes. 2.1.3 Tempering relieves the internal stresses in heavy section and spheroidized the carbides depending upon the `time and may temperature of the operation. Annealing relieves the stresses developed during working and improves the ductility. In high carbon steels, similar to tempering, it spheroidized the carbides making the steel better machinable. 2.2 Cold Worked Steels - Cold working involves changes in the structure of steel by grain distortion and is accompanied by changes in the mechanical properties due to strain hardening. When applied tu bars, tubes, sheets, strips and wire, it is the process of reducing the cross-sectional area by cold rolling, cold drawing or cold extrusion. Cold working is employed to obtain in steel improved mechanical properties, better machinability, size accuracy, bright surface, and for the production ~of thin gauges. 2.2.1 The overall effect of cold work on steel is to increase its If cold working is strength and hardness, and decrease its ductility. carried out in one direction only, as in cold rolling of sheets or cold drawing of bars or wire, the cold worked steel gets stronger in the direction of working than at right angles to it. 2.2.2 Table 3 of IS : 1570 (Part 2) - 1979* enumerates the properties of some of the steels in the cold drawn condition. tensile 2.2.3 Since cold drawing progressively work hardens steel, many grades, particularly high carbon require one or more annealing treatments during the sequence of reductions to the final gauge. As a large proportion of sheet and strip is required with maximum softness and ductility, it is necessary to give an annealing, or in some cases, normalizing treatment to cold rolled sheet and strip in final sizes. However, sometimes, a certain degree of cold working effect is required in the material to be delivered. In such cases, the reduction applied in the final stages of cold rolling has to be carefully controlled to ,produce the required hardness and strength. 2.2.3.1 Some steels in the forming and pressing, are liable *Schedules for wrought steel8 annealed condition, on subsequent to develop kinks and stretcher strain (-unalloyed steels). : Part 2 Csrbon steelr 6 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 marking on the surface due to yield phenomenon occurring in such In such cases, the sheets and strips are given a very light cold steels. It has negligible effect ou lhe thickness but pass after final annealing. reduces aging tendency of the steel and improves the surface quality. This final cold pass is knowu as skin passing. 2.2.3.2 The yielding in steel is mostly attributed to "some interstitial atoms like carbon and nitrogen which anchor the dislocations and resists their movements. At certain stress level, the dislocations get released and yielding occurs in the steel. Many varieties of aluminium killed low carbon steels are available for deep drawing applications. Boron treated semi-killed varieties have also been developed and are Aluminium and boron combine available for certain applications. with nitrogen to form respective nitrides and make the steel non-aging type. 2.2.3.3 When maximum ductility for very severe drawing steels 4C2, 5C2 and 7C4 are -pressing operations are required, specified. 2.2.3.4 For less severe are and often Their Steel steels 1OC4 and 15C4 are used. 1 of IS : 1570 (Part 2)-1979*. 15C4 is often used cold rolled to varying degrees of hardness as included in Table 7 of IS : 1570 (Part 2 )-1979*. or temper Considerable quantities of cold rolled strips are required for small flat section springs and steels 5OC4, 5OC12, 55C4, 55C8, 6OC6, 7OC6, 8OC6, 98C6 and 113C6 are supplied in the annealed or cold rolled condition for this purpose. The choice of steel depends on the degree of forming and bending involved in making the spring, the size of the section and Cold rolled sheet and strip are the severity of duty of the spring. made from low alloy steel. properties given in Table cold working, 2.2.4 Hot finished tubes, depending on the size recluirements, are also further modified dimensionally by cold drawing or rolling. Cold drawn tubes provide smaller diameters and thinner wall, and possess better surface and greater dimensional accuracy; in the case of welded tubes, welding fins are also eliminated. Table 8 of IS : 1570 ( Part 2 )1979* specify the expected properties of steel tubes in the cold drawn or cold drawn and tempered condition. 2.2.5 In steel wire, high strengths are obtained by cold drawing rod or wire after appropriate heat treatment from a predetermined size to The tensile strengths obtainable in different the required diameter. carbon steels with different percentages of reduction during cold drawing are given in Fig. 1. *Schedules for wrought steels : Part 2 Carbon steeb ( unalloyed steels). 7 -IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1983 240 200 2 I 160 3 5 120 a iii UJ J p 80 W 5 0 tLIiItm 2(I 40 60 80 10 0 REOUCTION f PERCENT) OF Fm. 1 EPFICCT OF DRAWING ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH CARBON STEEL WIRE 8 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 2.2.5.1 To impove drawing quality and to meet the special requirements of mechanical properties, steei is heat-treated in the form of rod. The fabrication of wire and service The quality of steel.is also vital. requirements determine the steel-making process to be used. 2.3 Carbon steels ( carbon 0'25 to 0'60 ) may also be used in the hardened and tempered condition. For details reference may be made to Part IV of this series where these steels have been discussed along with alloy steels for hardening and tempering. APPENDIX ( Clause 1.1.2 ) A TYPICAL USES OF INDIAN STANDARD STEELS/CARBON STEELS WITH SPECIFIED CHEMICAL GOMPOSITION AND RELATED MECHANIUAL PROPERTIES Steel Designation 4C2 5c4, 7c4, lOC4 Dead soft steel generally used in electrical industry. Used where cold formability is the primary Jn the rimming quality, they are requirement. used as sheet, strip, rod and wire specially where excellent surface finish or good drawing qualities are required, such as automobile body and fender stock, hoods, lamps, oil pans, and a multiple of deep drawn and formed products. They are also used for cold heading wire and rivets, and low carbon wire products. Killed still is used for forging and heat treating applications. Case hardening steels used for making camshafts, cams, light duty gears, worms, gudgeon pins, selector forks, spindles, pawls, ratchets, chain wheels, tappets, etc. Used for lightly stressed parts. The material, although easily machinable, is not designed specificaby for rapid cutting, but is suitable where cold web, such as bending and riveting may be necessary. 9 1OC4, 14C6 15c4 IS : 1871 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 Steel Designation Typical Uses 15C8,2OC8, 25C4, 25C8 3OC8 General purpose steels for low stressed components. Used for making certain types of cold formed parts, such as shift and brake levers. After suitable case hardening or hardening and tempering, this steel is also made use of in making parts, such as socket, tie rod, yolk adjustable control lever cable, shaft fork and rear hub, 2-wheeler and J-wheeler parts, such as sprocket, lever, hubs for forks, cams, rocker arms and bushes are made of this steel. automobile, bicycle and Tubes for aircraft, furniture are also made of this steel. Steel for low stressed parts, automobile fasteners. tubes and 35C4 35CFI Steel for making low stressed parts in machine structures cycle and motorcycle chassis tubes, fish plates for rails and fasteners. Steel for crankshafts, shafts, spindles, automobile axle beams, push rods, connecting rods, studs, bolts, lightly stressed gears, chain parts, umbrella ribs, washer, etc. Steel for spindles of machine tools, gears, bolts lead screws, ,feedreds, shafts and rocks. Steel for making keys, shafts, cylinders, machine components requiring moderate wear resistance. In surface hardened condition, it is also suitahle for large pitch worms and gears. Rail steel. Also used for making spike bolts, gear shafts, rocking levers and cylinder liners. Steels used for making gears, cylinders, cams, keys, crank shafts, sprockets and machine parts requiring moderate wear resistance for which toughness is not of primary importance, cycle and industrial chains, spring, safety books parts, can opener, thompson blade, umbrella ribs, parts of camera and typewriter. 10 4OC8 45C8 5oc4 5OC8 55C4, 55C8 IS : 1871( Part Steel D esignation 6OC4 Typical list-s 2) - 1987 Steel for making spindles for machine tools, hardened screws and nuts, couplings, crank shafts, axles and pinions. High tensile structural steel for making locomotive carriage and wagon tyres. Typical uses of this steel in the spring industry include engine valve springs, small washers and thin stamped parts. Steel for making baffle springs, shock absorbers, It is springs for seat cushions for road vehicles. also used for making rail tyres, unhardened gears and worms, washer, wood working saw, spring, ampoule cutters, textile and jute machinery parts. Steel for making light flat springs formed from annealed stock. Because of good wear properties, when properly heat treated, it is used for making plough shears, rake teeth, scrappers and cultivators' shovels. Steels for making flat and coil springs for autoAlso used as girder mobiles and railway vehicles. rails. Valve spring wire and music wire are special applications of `steel C85. After suitable heat treatment, these steels are also used for making scraper blades, discs and spring tooth harrows. Clutch parts, spring, wood working saw, band saw, textile and jute machine'ry parts. In the oil-hardened and tempered `condition used for coil or spiral springs, pen nib, volute spring, gauge, spring cutlery, knitting needle, hacksaw blades. 65C6 7OC6 75C6 ROC6, 85C6 98C6 and 113C6 IS : 1871~(Part 2 ) - 1987 ( Contim66d frm f.NIgU2 ) Subcommittee Cenucnn For Revision of IS : 1570, SMDC R6puscnting 19 : 5 SHBI P. K. CHAKBAVABTY hhabrrs M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta Guest Keen Williams Ltd. Howrah SHBI A. K. C~AKRABORTY Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) SHBI K. L. CHAKRABORTY SARI G. N. KRADENQAN ( AItarnatc ) Usha Alloy 6r Steels Ltd, Jamshedpur DR S. CHAKRAVORTY Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad SHRI K. BALARAMAMURTHY SHRI R. KALIDA~ ( A~lcmatc ) Alloy Steels Plant ( SAIL), Durgapur Sasx R. C. JHA ~Ministry of~Railways JOINT DIRECTOR ( MET), RDSO ASBISTANT DIRECTOR, RDSO ( Altcmate ) Sundaram Farteners Ltd, Madras Da K. V. KRISENAXURTHY SHRI D. JAYAUAMAN ( Ahrnotr ) Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur SHRI A. N. MITRA SHRI SURESH GUPTA ( A~tUraUt6) Bihar Alloy Steels Ltd, Ranchi DB N. MOEAN Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd, Khopoli SERI PRAKASH NABAIN SHRI R. BALAJI ( A!tUrnat6) Alloy Steel Producers Association of India, DR R. V. PITHY Bombay Iron & Steel Control, Calcutta Snar M. K. PRAMA~IK Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd ( Formdry SHRI S. PANDIT Forge Plant ), Ranchi SHRI D. K. DAS ( A&UrnalU ) Association of Indian Automobile Manufacturers SHsI A. K. ROY Pratap Steel Rolling Mills Ltd, Ballabhgarh SHRI K. K. SEN Ltd, Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co SHRI S. N. SINQH Jamshedpur Bharat Heavy Electrical; Ltd DR G. VENKATARAMA~ Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati SHBI D. P. VERNEKAR SHRI B. H~RIDAS ACHAR ( Attrrnatr ) 12 BUREAU Headquarters: Manak OF INDIAN STANDARDS Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. 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